Separation of church and state

[Pt.] I. Late eighteenth-century religious liberty. Separation, purity, and anticlericalism

Accusations of separation

The exclusion of the clergy

Freedom from religious establishments. [Pt.] II. Early ninteenth-century republicanism. Demands for separation: separating Federalist clergy from Republican politics

Keeping religion out of politics and making politics religious

Jefferson and the Baptists: separation proposed and ignored as a constitutional principle. [Pt.] III. Mid-ninteenth-century Americanism. A theologically liberal, anti-Catholic, and American principle

Separations in society

Clerical doubts and popular Protestant support

[Pt.] IV. Late ninteenth- and twentieth-century constitutional law. Amendment

Interpretation

Differences

An American constitutional right.