Vichy France and the Jews

First steps

The roots of Vichy antisemitism. Traditional images of the Jews ; Second wave : the crises of the 1930s and the revival of antisemitism ; The reach of antisemitism : how influential was it? ; The administrative response ; The refugee crisis, 1938-41

The strategy of Xavier Vallat, 1941-42. The beginnings of German pressure ; Vichy defines the Jewish issue, 1941 ; Vallat : an activist at work ; The emigration deadlock ; Vallat's fall

The system at work, 1940-42. The CGQJ and other state agencies : rivalries and border disputes ; Business as usual ; Aryanization ; Emigration ; The camps

Public opinion, 1940-42. The climax of popular antisemitism ; The distribution of popular antisemitism ; A special case : Algeria ; The churches and the Jews ; The opposition ; An indifferent majority

The turning point : summer 1942. New men, new measures ; The final solution ; Laval and the final solution ; The effort to segregate : the Jewish star ; Preparing the deportation ; The Vel d'Hiv roundup ; Drancy ; Roundups in the unoccupied zone ; The massacre of the innocents ; The turn in public opinion

The Darquier period, 1942-44. Darquier's CGQJ and its place in the regime ; Darquier's CGQJ in action ; Total occupation and the resumption of deportations ; Vichy, the Abbé Catry, and the Massada Zionists ; The Italian interlude ; Denaturalization, August 1943 : Laval's refusal ; Last days

Conclusions : the Holocaust in France. What did Vichy know about the final solution? ; A comparative view

Principal occupation authorities dealing with Jews, 1940-44 (chart).