Manias, panics, and crashes: a history of financial crises

Financial crisis : a hardy perennial

Anatomy of a typical crisis

Speculative manias

Fueling the flames : the expansion of credit

The critical stage

Euphoria and economic booms

International contagion

Bubble contagion : Tokyo to Bangkok to New York

Frauds, swindles, and the credit cycle

Policy responses : letting it burn out, and other devices

The domestic lender of last resort

The international lender of last resort

The lessons of history and the most tumultuous decades ever.