Acoustic microscopy

List of symbols

1. Son et Iumière

1.1. Composites

1.2. Rocks

1.3. Biological matrix

1.4. What else?

2. Focusing and scanning

2.1. Focused acoustic beams

2.2. Scanning in transmission

2.3. Reflection acoustic microscopy

3. Resolution

3.1. Diffraction and noise

3.2. The coupling fluid

3.3. Cryogenic microscopy

3.4. Non-linear enhancement of resolution

3.5. Aliasing

3.6. Does defocusing degrade the resolution?

4. Lens design and selection

4.1. Interior imaging

4.2. Surface imaging

4.3. Wanted and unwanted signals

5. Electronic circuits for quantitative microscopy

5.1. Time and frequency domains

5.2. Quasi-monochromatic systems

5.3. Very short pulse techniques

6. A little elementary acoustics

6.1. Scalar theory

6.2. Tensor derivation of acoustic waves in solids

6.3. Rayleigh waves

6.4. Reflection

6.5. Materials constants

7. Contrast theory

7.1. Wave theory of V(z)

7.2. Ray model of V(z)

7.3. Tweedledum or Tweedledee?

8. Experimental elastic microanalysis

8.1. Measurement of the reflectance function

8.2. Raymethods

8.3. Time-resolved techniques

8.4. Phew!

9. Biological tissue

9.1. A soft option

9.2. Cell cultures

9.3. Histological sections

9.4. Stiff tissue

9.5. Bone

10. Layered structures

10.1. Subsurface imaging

10.2. Waves in layers

10.3. Near surface imaging

10.4. Layers edge on

11. Anisotropy

11.1. Bulk anisotropy

11.2. Waves in anisotropic surfaces

11.3. Anisotropic reflectance functions

11.4. Cylindrical lens anisotropic V(z)

11.5. Spherical lens anisotropic V(z)

11.6. Plastic deformation

11.7. Grain boundaries

12. Surface cracks and boundaries

12.1. Initial observations

12.2. Contrast theory of surface cracks

12.3. Extension to three dimensions

12.4. How fine a crack can you see?

12.5. Contrast at boundaries

12.6. Time-resolved measurements and crack tip diffraction

13. Acoustically excited probe microscopy

13.1. Mechanical diode detection

13.2. Experimental UFM implementation

13.3. UFM contrast theory

13.4. Quantitative measurements of contact stiffness

13.5. UFM picture gallery

13.6. Image interpretation - effects of adhesion and topography

13.7. Superlubricity

13.8. Defects below the surface

13.9. Time-resolved nanoscale phenomena

14. So what happens when you defocus?

References

Index